Prince William County tap water: hardness, PFAS and lead
Prince William County, Virginia has about 497,003 residents (Census 2024 estimate) and 11 community water systems in EPA records. The largest local system is Pwcsa - East, serving about 168,747 people from surface water.
! 1 of 6 largest systems with health-based violationsPFAS detected at 4 of 5 sampled systemsHardness 1.9 gpg (low confidence)
Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.
How hard is Prince William County water?
Pwcsa - EastEstimate: untreated local water, not your tap · Low confidence
1.9 gpg(33 mg/L), soft
Prince William County: median of 1,171 results from 183 monitoring sites (streams and wells). Utilities may blend or treat water, so your tap can differ.
County estimates: Hard Water Map (hardwatermap.com), CC BY 4.0, derived from the USGS/EPA Water Quality Portal; file generated 2026-07-22. License
Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.
Softener size at 1.9 gpg
For a 3-person home using 57 gallons per person per day and regenerating weekly, you'd remove about 2,274 grains between regenerations. Suggested size: 24,000 grain. This uses a low-confidence county estimate, so confirm with a test first.
Estimate only. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.
The 6 biggest of 11 community water systems on EPA records for this county. Service areas don't follow county lines; your water bill names your provider.
Pwcsa - East
VA6153600 · serves about 168,747 people · Surface water
✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detectionPFAS detected (7 types)
Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2021-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).
PFPeA: highest sample 19 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFHxA: highest sample 16 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFBA: highest sample 16 ppt (3 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFOA: highest sample 7.9 ppt (3 of 4 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
PFBS: highest sample 7.4 ppt (3 of 4 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit
PFHpA: highest sample 6.6 ppt (3 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFOS: highest sample 6.3 ppt (3 of 4 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
VA6153251 · serves about 136,409 people · Surface water
✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detectionPFAS detected (2 types)
Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2021-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).
PFPeA: highest sample 5 ppt (1 of 8 samples); no federal limit
PFHxA: highest sample 3.6 ppt (1 of 8 samples); no federal limit
VA6153625 · serves about 72,062 people · Surface water
✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detectionPFAS detected (7 types)
Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2023-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).
PFPeA: highest sample 21.9 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFBA: highest sample 18.8 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFHxA: highest sample 18 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFBS: highest sample 8.5 ppt (4 of 4 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit
PFOA: highest sample 7.1 ppt (3 of 4 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
PFHpA: highest sample 6.1 ppt (3 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFOS: highest sample 5.7 ppt (2 of 4 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
VA6153060 · serves about 8,689 people · Surface water
✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (3 types)
Lead 90th percentile: 3.3 ppb (period starting 2023-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).
PFBA: highest sample 9.3 ppt (1 of 4 samples); no federal limit
PFOS: highest sample 6.5 ppt (4 of 4 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
PFHxS: highest sample 3.1 ppt (2 of 4 samples); federal limit 10.0 ppt as a running annual average, also counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit (currently in effect; EPA has proposed removing it)
Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.
A PFAS detection is not a violation. Federal limits (4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS) apply to running annual averages, with compliance required by 2029. In May 2026 EPA proposed extending the PFOA/PFOS deadline to 2031 and removing other PFAS limits; not final as of 2026-10-21.
Test your own tap
These are public records for whole systems. Your home's pipes, fixtures and any private well can change what you drink. A certified lab test or a hardness test strip gives you your own numbers. Then use our PFAS and lead filter selector to see which certifications to look for.
Common questions about Prince William County water
Is tap water in Prince William County safe to drink?
1 of the 6 largest systems here have at least one health-based violation in EPA records since October 2021 (see each system below for status). Pwcsa - East's most recent lead 90th percentile was below the lab detection limit (2021), below the 15 ppb action level. Public records can't guarantee what comes out of your tap, especially with older plumbing, so a home test is the surest check.
How hard is the water in Prince William County?
There's no published utility figure in our data, but untreated local stream and well samples in Prince William County have a median of about 1.9 grains per gallon (33 mg/L, soft). That's a low-confidence estimate of source water, not your tap, so test before you buy equipment. For a 3-person home at 1.9 gpg, our softener calculator suggests a 24,000 grain unit as a starting point.
Is there PFAS in Prince William County water?
4 of the 5 sampled systems listed here detected at least one PFAS in EPA's UCMR 5 testing, and 5 results were above the level of a federal limit in at least one sample. A detection isn't a violation: federal PFAS limits apply to running annual averages starting in 2029.
Which water system serves my address in Prince William County?
Most homes are served by Pwcsa - East or one of the other systems listed on this page, but service areas don't follow county lines. Your water bill names your provider, and its annual Consumer Confidence Report has the full test results.
Data as of October 21, 2026. Figures are copied from public records and combined with our own calculations; they can be out of date or wrong. Tapped Out isn't affiliated with any utility or the EPA. Written and reviewed by the Tapped Out team. How we calculate · All sources.