Worcester County tap water: hardness, PFAS and lead

Worcester County, Massachusetts has about 881,248 residents (Census 2024 estimate) and 110 community water systems in EPA records. The largest local system is Worcester Dpwp, Water Supply Division, serving about 206,518 people from surface water.

! 1 of 6 largest systems with health-based violationsPFAS detected at 6 of 6 sampled systemsHardness 2.4 gpg (low confidence)

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

How hard is Worcester County water?

Worcester Dpwp, Water Supply Division Estimate: untreated local water, not your tap · Low confidence

2.4 gpg (41 mg/L), soft

Worcester County: median of 1,382 results from 285 monitoring sites (streams and wells). Utilities may blend or treat water, so your tap can differ.

Source: Hard Water Map county data, samples through 2023

County estimates: Hard Water Map (hardwatermap.com), CC BY 4.0, derived from the USGS/EPA Water Quality Portal; file generated 2026-07-22. License

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

Softener size at 2.4 gpg

For a 3-person home using 57 gallons per person per day and regenerating weekly, you'd remove about 2,873 grains between regenerations. Suggested size: 24,000 grain. This uses a low-confidence county estimate, so confirm with a test first.

Estimate only. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

Open the softener calculator with 2.4 gpg

Largest water systems in Worcester County

The 6 biggest of 110 community water systems on EPA records for this county. Service areas don't follow county lines; your water bill names your provider.

Worcester Dpwp, Water Supply Division

MA2348000 · serves about 206,518 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (1 type)

Lead 90th percentile: 2 ppb (period starting 2022-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFPeA: highest sample 3.2 ppt (1 of 4 samples); no federal limit

EPA ECHO record

Fitchburg Dpw Division of Water Supply

MA2097000 · serves about 41,946 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (3 types)

Lead 90th percentile: 3 ppb (period starting 2026-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFOA: highest sample 4.9 ppt (1 of 8 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFHxA: highest sample 4.3 ppt (1 of 8 samples); no federal limit
  • PFPeA: highest sample 4.2 ppt (1 of 8 samples); no federal limit

EPA ECHO record

Leominster Water Division

MA2153000 · serves about 41,683 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (1 type)

Lead 90th percentile: 2.8 ppb (period starting 2025-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFOA: highest sample 4.3 ppt (1 of 14 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average

EPA ECHO record

Shrewsbury Water Department

MA2271000 · serves about 38,325 people · Groundwater

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detectionPFAS detected (5 types)

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2025-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFOS: highest sample 5.6 ppt (1 of 2 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFOA: highest sample 5.4 ppt (1 of 2 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFPeA: highest sample 4.8 ppt (1 of 2 samples); no federal limit
  • PFBS: highest sample 4.3 ppt (2 of 2 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit
  • PFHxA: highest sample 3.1 ppt (1 of 2 samples); no federal limit

EPA ECHO record

Milford Water Department

MA2185000 · serves about 30,379 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (5 types)

Lead 90th percentile: 1 ppb (period starting 2026-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFOA: highest sample 7.1 ppt (3 of 5 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFOS: highest sample 6.6 ppt (2 of 5 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFBS: highest sample 4.1 ppt (3 of 5 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit
  • PFPeA: highest sample 3.5 ppt (2 of 5 samples); no federal limit
  • PFHxA: highest sample 3 ppt (1 of 5 samples); no federal limit

EPA ECHO record

Westborough Water Department

MA2328000 · serves about 21,567 people · Surface water

! 1 health-based violation✓ Lead below action levelPFAS detected (3 types)

Lead 90th percentile: 1.8 ppb (period starting 2024-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFOS: highest sample 7.5 ppt (1 of 12 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFOA: highest sample 5.8 ppt (2 of 12 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFBS: highest sample 3.4 ppt (1 of 12 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit

EPA ECHO record

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

A PFAS detection is not a violation. Federal limits (4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS) apply to running annual averages, with compliance required by 2029. In May 2026 EPA proposed extending the PFOA/PFOS deadline to 2031 and removing other PFAS limits; not final as of 2026-10-21.

Test your own tap

These are public records for whole systems. Your home's pipes, fixtures and any private well can change what you drink. A certified lab test or a hardness test strip gives you your own numbers. Then use our PFAS and lead filter selector to see which certifications to look for.

Common questions about Worcester County water

Is tap water in Worcester County safe to drink?

1 of the 6 largest systems here have at least one health-based violation in EPA records since October 2021 (see each system below for status). Worcester Dpwp, Water Supply Division's most recent lead 90th percentile was 2 ppb (2022), below the 15 ppb action level. Public records can't guarantee what comes out of your tap, especially with older plumbing, so a home test is the surest check.

How hard is the water in Worcester County?

There's no published utility figure in our data, but untreated local stream and well samples in Worcester County have a median of about 2.4 grains per gallon (41 mg/L, soft). That's a low-confidence estimate of source water, not your tap, so test before you buy equipment. For a 3-person home at 2.4 gpg, our softener calculator suggests a 24,000 grain unit as a starting point.

Is there PFAS in Worcester County water?

6 of the 6 sampled systems listed here detected at least one PFAS in EPA's UCMR 5 testing, and 8 results were above the level of a federal limit in at least one sample. A detection isn't a violation: federal PFAS limits apply to running annual averages starting in 2029.

Which water system serves my address in Worcester County?

Most homes are served by Worcester Dpwp, Water Supply Division or one of the other systems listed on this page, but service areas don't follow county lines. Your water bill names your provider, and its annual Consumer Confidence Report has the full test results.

More Massachusetts counties

Sources for this page

Data as of October 21, 2026. Figures are copied from public records and combined with our own calculations; they can be out of date or wrong. Tapped Out isn't affiliated with any utility or the EPA. Written and reviewed by the Tapped Out team. How we calculate · All sources.