San Diego County tap water: hardness, PFAS and lead

San Diego County, California has about 3,298,799 residents (Census 2024 estimate) and 82 community water systems in EPA records. The largest local system is San Diego, City of, serving about 1,408,937 people from surface water.

✓ 0 of 6 largest systems with health-based violationsPFAS detected at 1 of 6 sampled systemsHardness 200–285 mg/L, varies by area

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

How hard is San Diego County water?

San Diego, City of Measured (utility report, 2025) · High confidence

200–285 mg/L (varies by area; no single average published)

  • Alvarado WTP: 237 mg/L (13.8 gpg), range 203–270 mg/L
  • Miramar WTP: 242 mg/L (14.1 gpg), range 200–285 mg/L
  • Otay WTP: 243 mg/L (14.2 gpg), range 201–271 mg/L

Source: SAN DIEGO, CITY OF water quality report, 2025

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

Softener size at 14.2 gpg

For a 3-person home using 57 gallons per person per day and regenerating weekly, you'd remove about 16,997 grains between regenerations. Suggested size: 24,000 grain. Hardness varies by area here, so this uses the harder plant's figure (14.2 gpg). If your address gets softer water, a smaller unit may do; check your area in the utility report or test your tap.

Estimate only. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

Open the softener calculator with 14.2 gpg

Largest water systems in San Diego County

The 6 biggest of 82 community water systems on EPA records for this county. Service areas don't follow county lines; your water bill names your provider.

San Diego, City of

CA3710020 · serves about 1,408,937 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detection✓ No PFAS detected

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2024-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

EPA ECHO record

Helix Water District

CA3710010 · serves about 277,918 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detection✓ No PFAS detected

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2022-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

EPA ECHO record

Otay Water District

CA3710034 · serves about 242,155 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detection✓ No PFAS detected

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2024-01-01). Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

EPA ECHO record

Sweetwater Authority

CA3710025 · serves about 184,915 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detectionPFAS detected (8 types)

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2021-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

  • PFBA: highest sample 12.3 ppt (4 of 8 samples); no federal limit
  • PFOA: highest sample 11.4 ppt (4 of 8 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFBS: highest sample 11 ppt (4 of 8 samples); no individual limit; counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit
  • PFHxS: highest sample 9.4 ppt (4 of 8 samples); federal limit 10.0 ppt as a running annual average, also counted in EPA's PFAS mixture (hazard index) limit (currently in effect; EPA has proposed removing it)
  • PFHxA: highest sample 8.6 ppt (4 of 8 samples); no federal limit
  • PFPeA: highest sample 7.6 ppt (4 of 8 samples); no federal limit
  • PFOS: highest sample 5.7 ppt (3 of 8 samples); federal limit 4.0 ppt as a running annual average
  • PFHpA: highest sample 4.7 ppt (4 of 8 samples); no federal limit

EPA ECHO record

Oceanside, City of

CA3710014 · serves about 174,340 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below detection✓ No PFAS detected

Lead 90th percentile: <DL (below the lab detection/reporting limit; reported as 0) (period starting 2022-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

EPA ECHO record

Escondido, City of

CA3710006 · serves about 137,044 people · Surface water

✓ No health-based violations✓ Lead below action level✓ No PFAS detected

Lead 90th percentile: 1.1 ppb (period starting 2022-01-01) Older result. Action level: 15 ppb (drops to 10 ppb on Nov 1, 2027).

EPA ECHO record

Public-record figures, not a test of your tap. Not 100% accurate or guaranteed. Confirm with a water test, your utility or a qualified pro before you buy or act.

A PFAS detection is not a violation. Federal limits (4 ppt for PFOA and PFOS) apply to running annual averages, with compliance required by 2029. In May 2026 EPA proposed extending the PFOA/PFOS deadline to 2031 and removing other PFAS limits; not final as of 2026-10-21.

Test your own tap

These are public records for whole systems. Your home's pipes, fixtures and any private well can change what you drink. A certified lab test or a hardness test strip gives you your own numbers. Then use our PFAS and lead filter selector to see which certifications to look for.

Common questions about San Diego County water

Is tap water in San Diego County safe to drink?

None of the 6 largest systems here have a health-based violation in EPA records since October 2021. San Diego, City of's most recent lead 90th percentile was below the lab detection limit (2024), below the 15 ppb action level. Public records can't guarantee what comes out of your tap, especially with older plumbing, so a home test is the surest check.

How hard is the water in San Diego County?

San Diego, City of reports hardness from 200 to 285 mg/L depending on where you live, with no single system-wide average, so check your area in its report or test your water. For a 3-person home at 14.2 gpg (the harder plant's figure, since your address may get either), our softener calculator suggests a 24,000 grain unit as a starting point.

Is there PFAS in San Diego County water?

1 of the 6 sampled systems listed here detected at least one PFAS in EPA's UCMR 5 testing, and 2 results were above the level of a federal limit in at least one sample. A detection isn't a violation: federal PFAS limits apply to running annual averages starting in 2029.

Which water system serves my address in San Diego County?

Most homes are served by San Diego, City of or one of the other systems listed on this page, but service areas don't follow county lines. Your water bill names your provider, and its annual Consumer Confidence Report has the full test results.

More California counties

Sources for this page

Data as of October 21, 2026. Figures are copied from public records and combined with our own calculations; they can be out of date or wrong. Tapped Out isn't affiliated with any utility or the EPA. Written and reviewed by the Tapped Out team. How we calculate · All sources.